Chester A. Arthur, the 21st President of the United States, served from 1881 to 1885. Though often overshadowed by his predecessors and successors, Arthur’s life and presidency brim with captivating anecdotes and forgotten facts. This article explores ten intriguing facets of Chester A. Arthur’s life, inviting you to reconsider the man behind the presidential title.
1. The Distinguished Wardrobe
Chester A. Arthur was renowned for his impeccable sense of style, drawing not only admiration but also scorn. As a man of aristocratic tastes, he owned an extensive wardrobe, reportedly including 80 pairs of trousers. His sartorial elegance starkly contrasted with the prevailing norms of the time, earning him the moniker “Elegant Arthur.” His obsession with fashion was a reflection of his belief in the importance of a dignified presentation, embodying the aesthetics of the Gilded Age while simultaneously making a statement about leadership.
2. The Unexpected Presidency
Arthur’s journey to the presidency came as a surprise, intertwining fate, tragedy, and political maneuvering. Originally appointed as Collector of the Port of New York, he was a stalwart supporter of the Republican machine. However, the assassination of President James A. Garfield propelled Arthur into office—a position he had never sought. This unexpected ascent bred skepticism about his capabilities, yet he adeptly transitioned from spoilsman to reformer, demonstrating adaptability often overlooked in historical narratives.
3. A Legacy of Civil Service Reform
Though Arthur was initially a product of the patronage system, he unexpectedly championed civil service reform during his term. The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, signed into law in 1883, sought to curtail the rampant nepotism that had plagued government positions. This act marked a significant shift in American politics, moving toward a merit-based system and laying the foundation for future reforms. Arthur’s willingness to embrace change showcased a depth to his character often ignored by historians.
4. Distinguished Family Ties
Born into a prominent family, Arthur had a remarkable lineage. His father, a Baptist minister who was at the forefront of the abolition movement, influenced Arthur’s moral compass. Additionally, Arthur’s relationship with his mother, who encouraged his education and ambition, helped shape his intellect and eloquence. These familial connections not only illuminated Arthur’s values but also offered a glimpse into the historical context of his political beliefs.
5. The Fight Against Corruption
While many presidents contended with corruption in governmental positions, Arthur’s battle against it was unique considering his background. He faced immense resistance from powerful political factions that sought to maintain the status quo. Despite this, Arthur launched investigations into corruption, specifically targeting the New York Custom House. His determination to purge the ranks of unethical officials marked a departure from the political patronage from which he had benefited.
6. An Artistic Soul
Beneath the polished exterior of a politician lay a man with artistic inclinations. Arthur had a profound appreciation for art, literature, and music. He often entertained guests with his eloquent readings and discussions about contemporary authors. His refined tastes often found their way into the White House, where he hosted gatherings rich in cultural discourse. This artistic flair added a layer of sophistication to his presidency, revealing a more human side of this often-misunderstood leader.
7. A Strained Health & Short Presidency
Arthur’s presidency was marked by his declining health, an aspect oftentimes overlooked in discussions about his tenure. Suffering from Bright’s disease (a serious kidney condition), Arthur was acutely aware that his time in office was limited. The burden of this illness propelled him to approach his duties with an urgency that belied his otherwise stately demeanor, pushing him to accomplish significant reforms within a short span of time—a testament to his commitment amid personal strife.
8. The Unlikely Friendship with Grover Cleveland
In an era often characterized by political animosity, Arthur formed an intriguing friendship with Cleveland, his successor. Despite representing opposing factions of the Democratic and Republican parties, both men respected each other’s views and often collaborated on issues of mutual concern. Their camaraderie reflected a more harmonious aspect of American politics during a time fraught with partisan conflict—a reminder that bipartisanship is not a modern invention.
9. The Mysterious Death of His Wife
Arthur’s personal life, particularly the tragic death of his wife, Elliott, in 1880, left a profound impact on his character. This loss deeply affected his outlook on life, instilling in him a sense of urgency to elevate his public service to the highest degree. Elliott’s passing also shed light on Arthur’s emotional depth and vulnerability, often masked by his public persona and political facade.
10. A Forgotten Legacy
Today, Chester A. Arthur remains a somewhat obscure figure in American history, rarely receiving the recognition warranted by his significant contributions to civil service reform and his adaptability in the face of tragedy. As modern discourse continues to evolve, understanding Arthur’s nuanced legacy offers an opportunity to reassess not just his role, but also the complexities of leadership during an era of transformation.
In conclusion, Chester A. Arthur’s life portrays a multifaceted character—an unexpected reformer, a tragic figure with sophisticated tastes, and a dedicated public servant. By exploring his legacy through these ten fascinating facts, we not only honor a president often relegated to the shadows but also gain insight into a transformative period in American history. The echoes of his presidency still resonate, reminding us of the depth and diversity that define American leadership.
